Malta hi centru finanzjarju ta’ l-ogħla livell


 

Kull Gvern issibu iktar jitkellem fuq x’miżuri għandu jimplimenta sabiex jindirizza l-evażjoni fiskali milli jippriedka fuq il-moralita’ fiskali. U għalhekk iddaħħlu leġislazzjonijiet fejn jikkontemplaw pieni imposti fuq min jinqabad jevadi il-ħlas dovut tat-taxxi.

Pero’ riċentament beda jiġi irrappurtat fil-medja mondjali, kif, kumpaniji multinazzjonali, li sena wara l-oħra jirreġistraw profitti fenomenali, qegħdin iduru mal-liġijiet u jispiċċaw sabiex ma jħallsux jew iħallsu ftit taxxa fuq dawk il-biljuni ta’ ewro li jagħmlu. Hawn qed nitkellem fuq kumpaniji li huma familjari magħna, bħal Google, Apple, u Starbucks fost l-oħrajn.

 

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Dan l-atteġġjament ta’ dawn il-kumpaniji, ixxokkja bosta nies u hemm rabja għal dan. Illum jidher bic-car li dan aġir m’għadux iktar aċċettabbli.

Hekk, per ezempju ġewwa il-Lussimburgu,  il-gvern kien daħħal dak li hu magħruf bħala Tax Rulings fejn ir-rata tat-taxxa li kumpanija tħallas fuq il-profitti li tkun għamlet, ma jkunux l-istess għal kullħadd; ikollok kumpaniji privileġġjati li jħallsu taxxa inqas minn oħrajn. Dan l-atteġġjament jista’ jitqies bhala forma ta’ State Aid. Dan iwassal sabiex gvern jiddiskrimina bejn kumpaniji u jwarrab il-kunċett ta’ kompetizzjoni ġusta bejn il-kumpaniji, kunċett fundamentali li tisħaq fuqu l-Unjoni Ewropeja u l-istess operaturi tas-suq. Kien Whistle Blower li kixef dawn il-manuvri li kien qed jagħmel il-gvern Lussemburgiż li mbarazzaw mhux ftit lil awtoritajiet ta’ hemmek.

F’dawn l-aħħar snin kellna wkoll xi hackers li daħlu fis-sistemi tal-kompjuters u ġibdu informazzjoni sensittiva fuq kontijiet bankarji u investimenti li kumpaniji u individwi kienu qed jinvestu f’ċerti pajjiżi. L-iskop wara dawn il-hackings illegali ta’ kif takkwista l-informazzjoni, dejjem ikun dak li timbarazza banek, istituzzjonijiet finanzjarji, gvernijiet, individwi u kumpaniji.

 

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L-ewwel ma’ ġew żvelati kienu dawk li saru mgħarufa bħala li-Swiss Leaks. Dawn kienu jikkonċernaw investimenti li saru mall-bank HSBC ġewwa l-Isvizzera.

Issa il-lenti qed tiġi iffukata fuq dawk il-pajjiżi li fil-qasam finanzjarju nirreferu għalihom bħala Tax Havens. Bħal kull ħaġa oħra, it-terminoloġija tax haven, tintuża kulltant b’mod laxk u irresponabbli sabiex wieħed jitfa dell ikrah fuq pajjiż kompetitur tiegħu jew sabiex toskura ir-reputazzjoni ta’ pajjiż.

Huwa għalhekk importanti nispjega x’iwassal pajjiż li verament jista’ ikun deskritt bħala tax haven. Biex pajjiż ikun ġustament deskritt bħala tax haven, ikun irid qed iħaddan tlett prattiċi li jmorru ferm il-bogħod minn kwalunkwe kodiċi ta’ etika ta’ kif għandu jsir in-negozju.

L-ewwel prattika ħażina hija dik tas-segretezza assoluta fuq min hu l-individwu li għandu dak l-investiment. Fil-passat, kellna il-banek Maltin joffru ċedoli jew dawk imsejħa bearer accounts fejn l-isem tal-klijent kien mistur mill-banek innifishom kif ukoll mill-awtoritajiet tat-Taxxi Interni. Għalhekk b’dan il-metodu, wieħed jista’ jgħaddi flus minn persuna għall-oħra mingħajr ebda kontroll.

Prattika ħażina oħra hija relatata ma’ dik li hi magħrufa bħala money laundering jew ħasil tal-flus. Il-fatt li jkun hemm is-segretezza, allura wieħed ma jkunx irid jirrispondi għall-ebda skrutinju mill-bank fuq kif ikunu ġew għandu il-flus. Dan hu punt ferm importanti għax fiż-żmien li qed ngħixu fih illum, huwa dan il-meżż li qed jintuża sabiex ikun hemm ħasil ta’ flus li ġew minn bejgħ tad-droga, finanzjament u xiri ta’ armi illegali u finanzjament ta’ terroristi. Wara dan il-proċess, il-flus imbagħad ikunu jistgħu jiġu investiti b’mod legali f’istituzzjonijiet finanzjarji ta’ reputazzjoni fiċ-ċentri finanzjarji ewlenin.

It-tielet punt huwa li, grazzi gas-segretezza, ma jiġiex imħallsa taxxa fuq l-imgħaxijiet u dividendi li wieħed ikun qed jaqla’ minn dawn l-investimenti, liema taxxa tkun dovuta lill-pajjiż ta’ min fejn ikun joqgħod l-investitur.

Pajjiż li jkollu dawn it-tlett prattiċi applikati f’daqqa fis-settur finaanzjarju li jħaddan, ikun qiegħed jimxi fuq mudell ta’ tax haven.

X’inhi is-sitwazzjoni f’pajjiżna. Fis-snin disgħin, Malta ħadet id-deċiżżjoni li telimina is-segretezza tal-banek. Dan wassal sabiex il-banek kellhom l-obbligu legali li jagħtu kull informazzjoni li tiġi mitluba mill-awtoritajiet fiskali ta’ pajjiżna.

Pass ieħor li ħadet Malta kien dak li meta’ sirna membru sħiħ tal-Unjoni Ewropeja, iffirmajna dawk id-direttivi fejn jobbligaw lill-pajjiżna li jgħaddi kull informazzjoni ta’ investiment li individwi ta’ pajjiżi oħra jkollhom investiti ġewwa pajjiżna u viċi versa, jew aħjar li l-awtoritajiet Maltin ikunu jistgħu jitolbu informazzjoni lill-pajjiżi oħra fuq ċittadini Maltin tal-investiment li jista’ jkollhom investit ġewwa dawn il-pajjiżi.

B’mod ċar u ekwu, dan ifisser li is-segretezza tas-settur finanzjarju li fuqu hija mibnija il-kunċett ta’ tax haven, Malta neħħietu darba għal dejjem u daħħalna trasparenza assoluta fis-settur finanzjarju.

Riċntament, komplejna insaħħu dan is-settur billi daħħalna l-aqwa liġijiet li wieħed jista’ jkollu fejn jidħol it-trażżin tal-attivita’ ta’ Money Laundering jew ta’ liġijiet kontra kull forma ta’ ħasil ta’ flus.

Għadna ukoll istituzzjonijiet awtonomi, bħal ma’ hi il-Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit (FIAU) li xogħolha hu li tisvestiga indipendentament u meta’ ssib każ ta’ attivita’ kriminali, tgħaddi l-każ lill-Puluzija sabiex din tal-aħħar tmexxi il-każ fil-Qrati tagħna u fejn ikun hemm bżonn tinforma lill-Interpol.

U allura b’ebda mod immaġinabbli, Malta ma’ tista’ tiġi ittimbrata bħala xi pajjiż tax haven. Min irid jitfa’ dan id-dell fuq Malta, qed jagħmel hekk għal skop ulterjuri.

Fl-aħħarnett, irrid naċċenna fuq il-qasam tat-taxxa li hi applikabbli ġewwa Malta.

Malta ghandha pakkett li qed jagħmilha attrajenti u kompetittiva ghall-investitur.

Pero’ rata ta’ taxxa kompetittiva, ma tfissirx li Malta ser tkun qed tħaddan reġim fejn taġevola xi kumpanija sabiex ma tħallasx taxxa fl’ebda pajjiż. Barra minn hekk, id-dritt tas-Sovranita’ ta’ kull pajjiż hu ukoll dritt fundamentali li għandu jinżamm. Għalhekk, id-direttivi li qed jiġu proposti f’dan ir-rigward, Malta qegħda tistudjahom bir-reqqa u filwaqt li ser tkun qed tiddefendi ir-reġim fiskali li għandna, sejrin nikkoperaw ma’ organiżżazzjonijiet internazzjonali, bħal OECD,sabiex flimkien niġġieldu lil dawk il-kumpaniji li jevadu il-ħlas ta’ taxxi u b’hekk ikunu qed jonqsu mir-responsabbilta’ taghhom.

Huwa d-dmir u d-dover ta’ kull Malti li jirribatti kull tentattiv qarrieqi, ġej minn fejn ġej, li jpinġi lill-pajjiżna bħala xi tax haven. Kummenti bħal dawn jagħmlu ħsara irriperabbli li jibqgħu jinħassu fuq medda twila ta’ snin. Ejja nkomplu naħdmu fuq ir-ritmu li mixjin bih sabiex Malta tkompli tibqa’ tkun l-għejra ta’ ħaddieħor.

 

L-Orizzont- Il-Ġimgħa 22 t’ April 2016

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