Taxxa fuq transazzjonijiet finanzjarji


F’ĠUNJU li għadda l-President tal-Kummissjoni Ew­ropea (KE) Josè Manuel Barroso, kiteb lill-mexxejja tal-pajjiżi membri tal-Unjoni Ewropea (UE) u qalilhom li fil-ħarifa li ġejja l-Kummissjoni se tkun qiegħda tipproponi li tiddaħħal taxxa fuq it-transazz­jonijiet finanzjarji (TTF) li jsiru fil-pajjiżi membri tal-UE. Fl-is­tess ħin l-UE tkun qiegħda taħdem biex din il-forma ta’ tassazzjoni ma tkunx għall-pajjiżi tal-UE biss imma ssir waħda globali u se timbotta għal dan fis-summit tal-G20 li se jsir fi Franza f’Novembru li ġej.Dan minkejja l-fatt li f’Ġunju tas-sena l-oħra fis-summit tal-G20 li kien sar fil-Kanada kien diġà ġie ddikjarat li din it-tassazzjoni globali ma kinitx fuq il-mejda tad-diskussjoni imma kull pajjiż seta’ jiddeċiedi għan­dux idaħħal taxxa fuq l-istituzzjonijiet finanzjarji bil-għan li jirkupraw biljuni ta’ dollari li kellu joħroġ iċ-ċittadin biex finalment ġew salvati l-banek. Qabel dan is-summit tal-G20 l-Ingilterra, Franza u l-Ġermanja kienu diġà qablu li jdaħħlu taxxa fuq il-banek.

Hemm tliet raġunijiet ewlenin li abbażi tagħhom qiegħda ssir pressjoni kbira favur din it-tassazzjoni, l-aktar mis-Soċjalisti Ewropej. L-ewwel raġuni hija li s-settur finanzjarju f’ħafna pajjiżi mhux intaxxat mill-VAT, kuntrarjament għal setturi oħrajn. Dan iqajjem mill-ewwel il-mistoqsija naturali: għaliex is-settur finanzjarju għandu jkun preferut u ma jkunx intaxxat bħal setturi oħrajn? Dan isir iktar importanti minħabba li wara l-kriżi globali finanzjarja hemm dubji serji kemm huma veru pro­dut­tivi ċerta attività dubjuża li sseħħ f’dan is-settur. Is-sigriet ta’ taxxa effiċjenti għall-ekonomija hi li jkollha bażi wiesgħa u mifruxa kullimkien.

It-tieni raġuni, u akbar mill-ewwel waħda, ebda settur ieħor, kemm jekk tal-manifattura, kostruzzjoni, servizzi, qatt ma gie salvat milli jfalli, bħalma sar fil-każ tas-settur finanzjarju. Biżżejjed jingħad li għal dan it-tip ta’ salvataġġ l-Istati Membri tal-Unjoni kkommettew €4.6 triljun. U allura l-mistoqsija naturali l-oħra: ma jkunx ġust li jkun hemm tassazzjoni fuq is-settur finanzarju wara li ngħata daqstant għajnuna? Ma’ dan trid tiżdied l-akkuża li finalment il-kriżi finanzjarja ħolquha l-banek infushom. U l-kriżi tad-djun? Kienet isseħħ kieku ma ħarġux dawk il-biljuni mingħand il-gvernijiet biex isostnu lill-banek?

It-tielet raġuni hi li fl-ekonomija tgħallimna li attivitajiet li jkollhom effetti esterni negattivi fuq ħaddieħor, bħat-tniġġiż għandhom ikollhom taxxa speċjali fuqhom. Fil-każ tas-servizzi finanzjarji l-argument hu li dan is-settur jieħu ħafna riskji kbar u bla bżonn għajr biex jirrendi għal min jagħmel din l-attività, speċi ta’ Casino u għalhekk hija ġustifikata taxxa fuqu.

Il-fatt li f’Ġunju li għadda l-KE ħabbret il-proposti tagħha u se tpoġġihom għad-diskussjoni fil-Parlament Ewropew m’għandux jitqies li din hija xi ħaga li welditha l-Kummiss­joni. Anzi. Il-Kummissjioni rrappreżentata mill-Kummissarju għat-Tassazzjoni, Dwana, Awditjar u Anti-Frodi, Algridas Semeta, flimkien mal-President tal-Bank Ċentrali Ewro­pew Jean Claude Trichet, u mal-Fond Monetarju Internazz­jonali rrappreżentat dak iż-żmien minn Dominique Strauss-Khan, dejjem tqiesu bħala li jkaxkru saqajhom dwarha. Kienu kontinwament iwissu u jappellaw għall-kawtela għax din tista’ tirrendi ruħha f’xi ħaġa ineffiċjenti u b’riperkussjonijiet xejn sbieħ.

It-tliet protagonisti dehru quddiemna fil-Kumitat ECON u dik kienet l-impressjoni li tawni. Mhux ħekk il-Parlament Ewropew, li dejjem kien qawwi dwarha u favurha.

It-TTF hija tassazzjoni bi storja antika. Kienet suġġerita diversi drabi fil-passat minn ekonomisti internazzjonali. Kien suġġerit li kull transazzjoni finanzjarja internazzjonali tkun intaxxata u globalment it-taxxa miġbura tintuża biex ikun kumbattut il-faqar jew xi kawża oħra. Konna nafuha bħala t-Tobin Tax billi l-arkittettur kien ir-rebbieħ tal-Premju Nobel tal-istess isem, għalkemm il-midja laqqmitha bħala “Robin Hood Tax”, wara l-personaġġ leġġendarju li kien jieħu mingħand is-sinjur biex jgħin lill-fqir.

Il-Parlament Ewropew baqa’ għaddej bl-insistenza fuqha u tħejja Rapport mill-Membru Parlamentari Soċjalista Griega fi ħdan il-Kumitat tiegħi, dak għall-Affarijiet Ekonomiċi u Finanzjarji (ECON) Anni Podimata, li jimmilita favur din it-tassazzjoni. Ivvo­tajna fuqu f’Marzu li għadda fi Strasbourg u ġie app­­rovat b’529 vot favur, 127 kontra u 19-il astensjoni. F’xenarju bħal dan il-KE kellha tibda taħdem fuqu u għalhekk il-proposti tagħha u għalhekk fil-ħarifa se nkunu qegħdin niddiskutu dawn il-proposti fil-Parlament Ewropew.It-taxxa fuq it-transazzjonijiet finanzjarji hija parti minn pakkett ta’ miżuri fuq il-finanzjament innovattiv. Taxxa deskritta bħala waħda ġusta fuq is-settur u li kieku kellha tkun approvata tista’ tiġġenera dħul stmat bħala €31 biljun fis-sena u filwaqt li liċ-ċittadin ma tkunx qiegħda tolqtu, il-piż ikun qed jinqasam mas-settur li wara kollox kien hu li kkawża l-kriżi. Dawn il-kalkoli huma bbażati fuq rata ta’ 0.1% għal bonds u shares, u ta’ 0.01% għad-derivati (derivatives), u billi jiġu esklużi t-transazzjonijiet tal-flus.

Wara l-approvazzjoni tar-Rapport Podimata, u konxja mid-dħul finanzjarju li jista’ jkun hemm għall-baġit tal-Unjoni Ewropea minn fonti msejħa “own resources”, il-KE bħal donnha rat id-dawl, kiber l-entużjażmu u ġew il-proposti tal-Kummissarju Algridas Semeta. Dawk xettiċi jqajmu l-mistoqsija jekk l-UE bħala blokk finanzjarju tistax titlef il-kompetittività. Il-verità hi li hemm taxxi fuq is-servizzi finanzjarji u l-banek kemm f’pajjiżi fi ħdan l-UE, bħalma hija l-Ingilterrra, kif ukoll bar­ra l-UE.

L-UE qiegħda tgħid li b’dak li qed tipproponi se tkun qed tagħti eżempju lid-dinja, u li hija influwenti biżżejjed li jista’ jagħti l-każ li tkun segwita minn ħaddieħor. Dan minħabba l-fatt li ebda Gvern mhu se jgħid le għal xi dħul finanzjarju.

Iqum minnufih il-punt, li jista’ jkun kontroversjali wkoll, dwar fejn għandhom jispiċ­ċaw, x’użu għandu jsir, mill-flus miġburin minn din it-tassazzjoni. Nagħti eżempju mill-aktar reazzjonijiet riċenti li kien hemm: il-Ġermanja taqbel ma’ din it-tassazzjoni, imma ma taq­bilx li d-dħul minnha għan­du jmur direttament għall-baġit tal-UE, imma jmur fil-ba­ġit nazzjonali tal-pajjiżi membri.

Dan iġibni għall-pożizzjoni ta’ pajjiżna f’dan ir-rigward. Malta jidher li se tkun kontra din it-tassazzjoni. Però naħseb li għandna naraw qabel x’jista’ jkun l-impatt ta’ tassazzjoni bħal din. Veru li għandna servizzi finanzjarji, imma kemm huma kbar? Kemm jista’ jkun ġenerat dħul finanzjarju minnu permezz ta’ din it-tassazzjoni? Żgur li mhux se jkollna d-dħul li jkollha l-Ġermanja jew l-Ingilterra.

X’naqblu li għandu jsir minn dan id-dħul? Imur fil-ba­ġit tal-UE jew f’dak nazzjonali? X’irridu? Irridu li l-baġit tal-UE jiżdied jew li jkun iffriżat bħal­ma jridu l-Ingliżi? Jekk ikun iffriżat x’ikun ifisser f’dawk li huma għajnuniet, sussidji għal pajjiżna għaċ-ċiklu ta’ seba’ snin li jmiss, 2013/2020? Jekk il-baġit tal-UE jikber u minn dan Malta tkun tista’ tibbenefika, għandna nkunu kontra din it-tassazzjoni?

Nemmen li għandna nevalvaw is-sitwazzjoni mill-punto di vista ta’ Malta kif se jolqotha bħala pajjiż membru tal-Unjoni u mhux għax hekk naħsbu jew għax hekk qegħdin jgħidu. Għandna nevalwaw u naraw jekk hux se niggwadanjaw jew hux se nitilfu. Imbagħad niddeċiedu.

l-orizzont – It-Tnejn 25/07/2011

8 responses to “Taxxa fuq transazzjonijiet finanzjarji”

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